High selectivity receiver



Feb. 24, 1953 R. s. BAILEY HIGH SELECTIVITY RECEIVER 2 SHEETS-SHEET l Filed March 17, 1949 ATTO R N EY Feb. 24, 1953 R. s. BAILEY HIGH sEEEcTrvITY RECEIVER 2 SHEETS--SHEET 2 Filed March 17, 1949 INVENTOR /POBET 6. BAILEY ATTO R N EY Patented Feb. 24, 1953 srArEs PATENT-1 oFzF-lca HIGH'A zSELEGTIVITY RECEIVER;`

Roliert.- S`.`...,Baily, 4New York,. N.. Y., assi`g nor to International Standard Electric. Corporation, New York,i' N: Y.; a Ycorporation `m..D":lawar.e

ApplicationzrMarclrql'l, 1949;?SerialLNmzlSZll 4. 'claimen (o1. .25a-zo) 1f This invention .relates to .radiant` energy transf. latingcircuits and more; particularlyvftoradioireceivers having-a high selectivityi It has heretoforebeen-` impossible to obtain :a: high selectivity inffradio;v receivers.. ofr. the..type

achieving; the ivarious... successive translationsiand,

amplications thereon. This ,-was. duetothe :fact that-l .the `frequencyof repetition l of .therecycling step, t .that isA the. inherentV pulsing oft the.: circuit required v`excessive l band ,Widthsi Thus... for ,exe

ampleffor areceiver whichnis required to. repro-.- duce. an 8,0 l).Al cyclek audio signal, t. thepulsing tof:

recycling repetition frequency mustn. loe@- of. 'the orderof kc; inonder that an. .8,0002 cycle n.wave

may'.vv be, faithfully reproduced, lfrom, ,theY pulsed-V output` wave.. If itis assumedthatithe lOthhare munie,v .of the. .pulserepetition frequency ,mustibe passedin order .to keep thepul'sefsharp, a band-l width of 500 kc. must be providedy in.any. .circuit.

through, which these .pulsespass inasmuch1 asltwo sidebands leach, ,250.v kc. wide occur... It.. Ibecomes.

obvious,. therefore that. if; the. intermediate fre-y quency amplifierof. a...receiver. .must have .1a.5001

kc. passvbandits selectivity .will be lso! poor .that it` cannot be used on, thebroadcast band...without` special amelioratingdeyices.

It is an objectfofthis' inyention ,to providega:

radio receiver circuit.which.overcomesthe,.above-. stated diiculti'es..

It' is .another oloject to provide aradio..receiyer I er for the purpose of ampliiication. Y

Afurther object is `the provision ofaniimproved j circuit wherein a plurality of different. operations such as. amplification iofi the `intermediate.fre1

quency and audio. .frequency are performed suc-` cessively by thesame lenergy translation device or stage; Whereby'theamountof `apparatus required to produce a"desiredu'esultis minimized.

A still further objectof this invention is to provide an improved method and :means for'segref'r gating the Asignaly intelligence frequencies from the radio frequency` carrier making 'use-of :the

resultingoutputifrequency fist-then equal itc-l the oscillator yfrequency aif' subtracti've mixing-gis Aems played.. The-;resulting;f.intermediate frequency` energy is. ireiteratively ampliedremerging with side bandsl due tocthecyclic `or .pulsating j naturer of. theamplierr.: Theampliedf-outpu-t is mixed. aisecond, time with theyzoscillatorv.rfrequency. It nowf becomes. evident. :that -the modulation .side bandszof4 the carrierzfrequency will appear as, audio frequencies .and that theside .bands l.due to the: recycling frequency will appear-...las super-,audible frequencies A which may .x-be eliminated..from .the naLoutput inthe usual mannen In. accordance with; another .feature-Hof; .this.in.. vention,.t'he /secondunixing stage..,=may bendisf-4 pensed .with by ,using A .the, reiteratiue@translator both asan intermediate and-ae. an. audio amplia.

lier, the intermediate `frequency. .being .fedi back:y from theampliier.v vtothefmiXer. stage,ffilteredifo11 the. intelligence,.componentsr and. reiteratiyelyamplied inthe.recyclingitranslatora, Suitable. filters y may, ofcourse,;have tolbe used...

While I` haveroutlinedabove .the .generalgobhjects andf'eatures. of. my. invention, .a betteraunderstand-z ingof. thesegfandl other. objects, advantages ,and. featureswilllbecome apparent'from. theparticu-e. lar descriptionoi a fet/'.embodimentslthereoi made with vreference-tol ith'e; accompanying vdrawingsin which:

Fig. 1 is. ia 5 blockgdiagranLof 'a `radio, receiver emho dying'my inventionL l.

Fig., 2 'ist a block diagrarri'.off 'a receiverirraoa cordance with' the.` inventionsomewhat simplied! the receiver,-

Fig. 6 "isa-blockdiagram' of` another formof thefr'eceiveras used for the reception of' frequency modulated radiation:` and* form of a frequency modulation receiver.`

signal recycling or reiterating amplifier-circuit;- 4

whereby a high selectivityreiterative lreceiver is'- obtained.

In accordance with certain features of thisrinr# vention; I provide av circuitffor vthe recepti'onof' the incoming lsignal;` which" may.Y for -the purpose an;; audio `.frequency 'modulated 'radio' frequencyy i;

quency which is half that of the carrier. The

ofrilliistratio'm be anamplitude' modulated: Aradio-r frequency` transmissionjwillbe receivedbyfafsuitable. :radiation y.responsive vdevice `such ast-fan tenna l.; In.aecordancefwithrconventionar. prac.-4

amplier if necessary. In order to convert the .cuitsoft Figures iandzl lustration. .of ithe yband width characteiisticsior, the:receiver'according,` to the invention as appliedV to the. broadcast-2v band:

Figs-fis a blockdiagram of 'another form` ofi radio frequency to an intermediate frequency a local oscillator 3 which supplies energy at a frequency which is one-half of the incoming radio frequency has its output combined subtractively with the received radio frequency energy in a mixing device 4. The resulting output frequency of the mixture 4 is thence fed through a so-called reiterative amplifier circuit 5 Reiterative circuits, that is circuits which are adapted to successively recycle energy supplied to them at a given repetition rate for the purpose of translation thereof, such as amplification which otherwise would require separate and successive translational stages, have been described in connection with various functions in my co-pending application S. N. 55,856/48, filed OCtOber 22, 1948,

and in the co-pending applications S. N. 667,318, filed April 26, 1946, and S. N. 698,484, filed September 21, 1946, Patent No. 2,597,029, granted May 22, 1952. The reiterative amplifier 5 may' accordingly take a number of suitable forms as required and w'ill here'be described for purposes of illustration only. Thus, it is in this instance comprised of an amplifier G'which supplies a delay line 1. The delay device 'I is connected to feed back into the amplifier 6' the energy received therefrom.v I The constants of the device 1 determine the-reiteration or pulse repetition frequency of thevsystem. vThe number of reiterations or -recyclings may for instance be determined by a biasing circuit for the amplifier 6, such circuit being indicated at 8. The circuitvB may for example, comprise resistance 8 connected to ground and shunted by a capacity I 0; the constants of this circuit may be such that after a suitable number of reiterations the capacity I0 will have become charged tosuch an extent as to render the amplifier 6 inoperative. Other devices may be employed for this purpose, as disclosed for example in the above-mentioned copending applications, in accordance with respective needs. The output of the amplifier 6 obtained over a, connection II is mixed aI second time with the output of the oscillator 3 in a mixing circuit I2. The` resulting frequencies are finally amplified in audio amplifier I3 wherefrom audio signal energy maybe supplied to any des ired utilization device such as a. loud speaker.

' An operational analysis reveals that if the incoming signal is of the `form fai-fx, thatv is a radio frequency carrier fn modulated with an audio frequency fx, a subtractive mixing with the frequency fR/z of `the oscillator 3 results in an intermediate frequency frz/zin. Thisintermediate frequency obtained after elimination of the upper side band (as by a suitable filter which may be partof the mixer circuit 4) is subiected t'o reiterative'amplification in the circuit 5 and, due to the cyclical or .pulsatingnature of the amplifier emerges therefrom in a form substantially given by the expression fe/ziAfA. signifying that the resulting frequency contains side bands A due to the repetition frequency of the circuit 6 which is in the super audible range. After being mixed again with the output of the oscillator 3, the first order modulation side bands of the frequency frz/2 will appear as audio frequencies. and the repetition frequency side bands will appear as super audible frequencies to which the subsequent translation circuits are not responsive, whereby the desired audio signal will be isolated. It is clear, therefore,.that if conventional detection of the output of the reiterative-amplifier had been used, all the side bands together with their modulation would have appeared in the output without any appreciable selectivity.

Referring now to Fig. 2, there has been illustrated a circuit including block units similar to those of Fig. 1 and referred to by the same general reference characters, except that in this case the mixer 4 serves for both mixing operations, the mixer I2 of Fig. 1 having been omitted with a consequent saving-in electron tubes. This is accomplished by feeding the reiteratively amplified energy back into the mixer 4 and there effecting the second mixing step in order to isolate super audio and audio frequency components. The mixer in this case may include high pass and low pass filter circuits I4 and I5 respectively for the purpose of passing the intermediate and the audio components after the first and the second mixing steps respectively.

Inv Fig. 3 there is graphically indicated an illustr'atve frequency spectrum of the output of the reiterative amplifier. A number of frequency components have been shown' symmetrically arranged about a median frequency equal to one half of the carrier frequency fa. The separation between the adjacent components of the spectrum is equal to the pulse repetition frequency of the system used which may be for example 25 kc. The amplitude of the spectrum components is -a function of the width of the repetition pulse used in the reiterative amplifier.

The three graphs of Fig. 4 show the respective band width requirements of a receiver in accordance with the invention as applied to a broadcast band. Thus the graph (a) shows the range of the radio frequency signal carrier Wave. Graph (b) is illustrative of the heterodyning oscillator frequencies for accommodating the band of graph (a). Graph (c.) shows the band width required in the reiterativeA amplifier, lassuming a 25 kc. reiteration frequency and a requirement for passing the tenth harmonic components of the reiterative pulsation.

Fig. 5 illustrates a radio receiver employing a reiterative amplier which is being utilized both as an intermediate and audio frequency amplifier, the mixer 4 serving for both of the mixing steps described in connection with the circuit of Fig. 1. The similarity of this circuit with that shown in Fig. 2 ispat once apparent except 4that the feedback from the amplifier 6 to the mixer 4 includes a' high pass filter I6 in order to pass the resulting amplified intermediate frequencies, and in that there .is provided an additional feed-back from the delay device I to the amplifier 6 including a 'low pass filter Il forthe passing of the audio frequencies to be recycled.

The receiver'forhandling a frequency modulated input whichi's' shown in Fig. 6 incorporates generally thesame'elements as the preceding circuits particularly that of Fig. 2 with the inclusion of a frequency modulation to an amplitude modulation discriminator I8 between the mixer 4 and the audio amplifier I 3. There is also provided an amplitude limiter I9 so as to maintain the required uniformity in amplitude.

The circuit of Fig. '7 is an adaptation of circuits shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 5 for handling frequency modulation input and utilizing the reiterative circuit Yboth as an intermediate and an audio amplifier feeding into the discrimina- It will "be apparent from the above to those skilled in the art that-by the employment of suit-v able biasing controls for the recycling amplifier in combinationwith appropriate filtering circuits' for the selection of the output frequencies to be recycled, the amplifier may be made to assume the functions of an intermediate and audio frequency amplier in accordance with the above description. Thus a practical method has been disclosed for obtaining high selectivity for so called One Tube receivers for use in the broadcast band or other commercial frequencies.

Other forms of modulation such as the various pulse modulations transmitted through the medium of radio frequency carrier may of course be used with the above-described receivers. It will also be apparent that by the proper introduction of bias controls, frequency component selecting lters and suitable demodulators, various forms of carrier frequency modulations may be handled with the type of receiver described hereinabove.

Accordingly, while I have described above the principles of my invention in connection with specic apparatus and particular modifications thereof, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as a limitation as to the scope of my invention which is set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. An arrangement for translating pulse signals of a given duration and time spacing and comprising waves of a given carrier frequency containing modulation components, comprising a source of local Waves of a frequency half the frequency of said carrier waves, a mixer circuit for completely mixing said local Waves and signal waves to produce an intermediate frequency wave containing said modulation components, a reiterative amplifier for reiteratively amplifying said intermediate frequency waves at a rate higher than the frequency of said modulation components comprising an amplifying device, a feedback circuit coupling the output of said amplifying device to its input, a delay device in said feedback circuit for delaying the energy fed back,

and a biasing device coupled to said amplifying device for blocking it after a predetermined number of reiterations, means for applying the output of said amplifier for further mixing with said local waves to produce said modulation components, and a discriminator for said modulation components coupled to said mixer circuit for obtaining said modulation components.

2. An arrangement according to claim 1, wherein said modulation components comprise amplitude modulation components and said discriminator comprises a lter circuit for passing substantially only waves of the frequency of said modulation components.

3. An arrangement according to claim 1, wherein said modulation components comprise frequency modulation components, the output of said mixer circuit comprising differently tuned filter circuits for passing respective mixer outputs and said discriminator comprises a frequency modulation discriminator for passing said modulation components.

4. An arrangement according to claim 1, wherein said mixer comprises means for passing only single sidebands produced in the amplifier.

ROBERT S. BAILEY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,514,752 Wold Nov. 11, 1924 1,657,451 Affel Jan. 31, 1929 1,730,605 Farrington Oct. 8, 1929 2,134,677 Vreeland Oct. 25, 1938 2,412,995 Levy Dec. 24, 1946 OTHER REFERENCES Testing Repeaters with Circulated Pulses, by Beck and Ring, Proc. I. R. E. November 1947, pages 1226-1230. 

